Improved Mechanism to Prevent Denial of Service Attack in IPv6 Duplicate Address Detection Process

From the days of ARPANET, with slightly over two hundred connected hosts involving five organizations to a massive global, always-on network connecting hosts in the billions, the Internet has become as important as the need for electricity and water. Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) could not sustain the growth of the Internet. In ensuring the growth is not stunted, a new protocol, i.e. Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) was introduced that resolves the addressing issue IPv4 had. In addition, IPv6 was also laden with new features and capabilities. One of them being address auto-configuration. This feature allows hosts to self-configure without the need for additional services. Nevertheless, the design of IPv6 has led to several security shortcomings. Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) process required for auto-configuration is prone to Denial of Service (DoS) attack in which hosts are unable to configure themselves to join the network. Various mechanisms, SeND, SSAS, and the most recent being Trust-ND, have been introduced to address this issue. Although these mechanisms were able to circumvent DoS attack on DAD process, they have introduced various side effects, i.e. complexities and degradation of performance. This paper reviews the shortcomings of these mechanism and proposes a new mechanism, Secure-DAD, that addresses them. The performance comparison between Trust-ND and Secure-ND also showed that Secure-DAD is more promising with improvement in terms of processing time reduction of 45.1% compared to Trust-ND while preventing DoS attack in IPv6 DAD process. Keywords—Secure-DAD; Duplicate Address Detection; Denial of Service Attack; IPv6 Security; Address auto-configuration